PHILIPPINES

ELECTORAL SYSTEM
 
Chamber:
  Kapulungan Mga Kinatawan
 
Electoral Law:
  22 July 1985
  Last amendment: 23/02/1995
 
Constituencies:
  - 219 single-member constituencies for majority vote
- one nationwide constituency for proportional representation vote
 
Voting System:
  - 219 seats filled by simple majority vote
- 21 seats filled by party-lists nominees proposed by indigenous, but non-religious, minority groups. Parties must pass a 2% vote threshold to gain parliamentary representation. A maximum of three seats is awarded to each party.
- Each elector casts two votes: one for the district representative and the other for the party of his choice.
- Vacancies arising between general elections are filled through by-elections.
Voting is compulsory.
 
Voter requirements:
  - age: 18 years
- Philippine citizenship
- residence in the country for at least one year and in home constituency for at least six months immediately preceding election day
- disqualifications: insanity, adjudged incompetence, conviction for crime involving disloyalty to government or against national security
 
Eligibility:
  Qualified electors
- age: 25 years
- Philippine citizenship by birth
- literacy
- residence in district for at least one year immediately preceding the poll
- ineligibility: bribery of voters or election officials, terrorist action, exceeding campaign expenses ceiling, prohibited financial dealings
 
Incompatibilities:
  - any other office or employment in the Government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries
- legal counsel (in courts, electoral tribunals or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies)
- government contractor
 
Candidacy requirements:
  - candidatures by parties or independents, must be submitted at least 45 days before polling to the provincial election supervisor concerned
- under the party-list system, each party must submit a list of at least five nominees


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