MODALITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR RATIFYING INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
The President has the power to enter into international conventions, treaties and agreements (Article 31H of the Constitution). Any convention, treaty or agreement acceded to that is concluded by the President with one or more foreign States or Governments or international organizations (i) is subject to approval by Parliament and (ii) may not form part of the law unless it has been incorporated into it by Parliament (Article 111B of the Constitution). Any agreement, which has been concluded by the President with one or more foreign organiza-tions, corporations or entities, other than a foreign State or Government or an international organization, and which imposes fiscal obligations, is subject to approval by the Parliament. These provisions do not apply to (i) any convention, treaty or agreement, or any class thereof, which the Parliament has declared do not require its approval or any convention, treaty or agreement whose subject-matter falls within the scope of the prerogative powers of the President, unless their application or operation requires (i) the withdrawal or appropriation of moneys from the consolidated revenue fund, or (ii) any modification of the law.
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