Objective 4 2017-2021

Parliaments help to build peace and resolve conflict through dialogue and their legislative, oversight and representative functions. The IPU has a special role to play in countries at risk of conflict and, during the period in question, supported parliaments in Burundi, the Central African Republic, Guinea Bissau, Madagascar and Mali, recommending solutions to help end the countries’ political crises.

Parliamentary diplomacy can help protect international peace too, building bridges where governmental initiatives have failed. On this basis, the IPU facilitated talks between North and South Korea, and between the two communities of Cyprus. It also supported parliamentary discussions in the Middle East, unlocking concrete measures to tackle the water crisis and to prevent further regional instability.

Peace and security are fundamental pre-conditions for development. For more than 20 years, the IPU has supported parliaments in tackling global terrorism and developing parliamentary strategies for comprehensive disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control.

Following its resolution on Terrorism: The need to enhance global cooperation against the threat to democracy and human rights, the IPU established a formal body, the High-Level Advisory Group on Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism (HLAG). The HLAG serves as the global focal point for parliamentary work on counter-terrorism and the prevention of violent extremism, promoting cooperation and information exchanges. It also facilitates dialogue between MPs and experts and guides the Joint Programme on Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism, a tripartite programme involving the IPU, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT).

The joint programme has organized counter-terrorism conferences for the African, Middle Eastern and Asia-Pacific regions and supported the establishment of a parliamentary committee to combat hate speech and extremism in Egypt.

In 2021, the joint programme also organized the First Global Parliamentary Summit on Counter-Terrorism, which highlighted parliamentary efforts to support the victims of terrorism as well as to prevent terrorism, radicalization and hate speech. The Summit saw the launch of the Call of the Sahel appeal for resources to fund specific projects in the region aimed at preventing terrorism. The Summit also saw the IPU unveil a suite of digital tools, including an interactive map and mobile application, allowing parliamentarians to coordinate their counter-terrorism legislation and strategies.

Model legislative provisions (MLPs) were an important initiative of the joint programme, offering a basis against which to review existing laws and procedures to protect the victims of terrorism. The MLPs were developed in line with the latest thinking to help countries without legislation on this issue. They help with the sharing of best practices and draw attention to the urgent needs of terrorism victims.

On disarmament and non-proliferation, the IPU supported parliaments and UN Member States to operationalize their commitments. Working with partners, the IPU ran various campaigns between 2017 and 2021 to raise parliamentary awareness of the UN’s disarmament treaties.

These campaigns led several countries to sign or ratify both the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). The IPU also mobilized MPs to engage with UN Security Council Resolution 1540, preventing non-state actors from accessing weapons of mass destruction. Finally, the IPU helped to eradicate illicit arms flows by encouraging parliaments to sign or ratify the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT).

To support the UN Secretary-General’s new disarmament agenda, the IPU helped produce a guide, Assuring our Common Future, explaining disarmament and highlighting examples of successful treaties and policies. Subsequent webinars showed the role that MPs can play and outlined the links between disarmament and sustainable development, including climate protection. Complementary digital products were designed to highlight the link between parliaments, good governance in the security sector and human development.

“Faced with pressure to decrease military defence spending, governments acknowledge that threats like the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be handled with military- type responses and there is a clear imperative to shift budget priorities to meet the new challenges”.

 

Anusart Suwanmongkol Senator from Thailand

(April 2021)