Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed from a nascent technology into a powerful force that is reshaping industries, societies and global governance. Over the past few years, parliaments around the world have been wrestling with the task of crafting and refining AI-related legislation that balances innovation with responsible oversight.
In “Parliamentary actions on AI policy”, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) documents the range of initiatives on AI taking place in national parliaments, including legislative reviews, reports, resolutions, inquiries, working groups and policy discussions.
Parliamentary actions have so far been observed in 32 countries. Information is sourced from parliaments and updated every month. The data was initially compiled in February 2025. The date of subsequent updates will be indicated for each parliament. To provide additional information or to point out mistakes, please contact [email protected].
Latest update: 25 April 2025
Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act
The European Union (EU) AI Act, which came into effect in August 2024, serves as a comprehensive regulatory framework in the EU, reducing the need for additional national AI legislation. Nevertheless, some parliaments in EU member states have taken up specific issues, such as deepfakes and AI applications in the public sector. The risk-based approach and ethical guidelines of the EU AI Act have also influenced legislation in several non-EU countries, including Morocco, Peru and Türkiye.
Parliaments
A – B – C - D - E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Z
Argentina
Both chambers of the National Congress are reviewing several AI-related legislative bills. Bill no. 3900, introduced in July 2024, proposes the establishment of the Federal Observatory on Artificial Intelligence. Bill no. 7045, introduced in November 2024, aims to regulate the use of AI by providers of goods and services. Additionally, Bill no. 2405, introduced in December 2024, proposes the creation of a bicameral committee within the legislature to oversee the strategic and comprehensive regulation of AI. Several resolutions are currently under discussion. For example, Resolution no. 4713 requests that the Ministry of Security report to parliament on the organizational structure, objectives and functions, and key technologies and tools of the newly established Unit for Artificial Intelligence Applied to Security (UIAAS).
Between August and October 2024, the Science, Technology, and Productive Innovation Committee of the Chamber of Deputies organized multiple expert round tables on AI, which brought together entrepreneurs, researchers and public-sector representatives. The discussions focused on AI technology and its development, as well as on regulatory considerations, addressing in particular the need to restructure existing legal frameworks governing AI development and use.
Australia
In March 2024, the Senate established the Select Committee on Adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) to investigate and report on the opportunities and impacts arising from the adoption of AI technologies in Australia. The committee collected submissions from individuals sharing their experiences and opinions on AI and conducted six public hearings. The Committee’s final report, submitted in November 2024, includes recommendations for introducing legislation to regulate high-risk AI uses, enhancing financial and non-financial support to strengthen AI capabilities, protecting workers’ rights, and managing environmental costs associated with the growth of AI infrastructure. The government typically provides a response within three months of the submission of such reports. This report is expected to serve as a basis for discussions on AI-related legislation.
Additionally, in September 2024, the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit initiated an inquiry into the use and governance of AI systems by public-sector entities. The inquiry focused on how AI systems and processes are adopted and utilized to support public-service delivery and the achievement of institutional objectives. The Committee’s final report, published in February 2025, identifies a lack of consistency in AI adoption across government departments, as well as insufficient transparency in decision-making processes involving algorithms and generative AI. The report also recommends establishing a government working group within 12 months and creating a parliamentary oversight committee dedicated to AI.
Austria (see the Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act)
In January 2024, a law was passed to establish an AI Service Centre. This centre is tasked with analysing AI regulatory frameworks, conducting research, holding expert discussions, and providing consulting and support to both public and private institutions. It is also expected to play a key preparatory role in implementing the EU AI Act.
Parliament commissioned the Institute for Technology Assessment (ITA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) to prepare a monitoring report on AI technology. The report, submitted to parliament in November 2024, highlighted the risks associated with the proliferation of modified malicious code and the use of generative AI for personalized fraud schemes. Additionally, in 2024, parliament held parliamentary forums on various topics, including AI in business, AI and health and AI in municipalities.
The Austrian Federal Ministry of Education submitted the 2024 national education report to parliament in December 2024. The report addresses new challenges in the education sector related to the use of AI, including the handling of sensitive student data, equity in student access to AI, ethical considerations, and the use of AI in education. The Education Committee will review and discuss the report, and the plenary may adopt resolutions or recommendations based on its findings.
Bahrain
In April 2024, the Shura Council unanimously approved a stand-alone AI Regulation Law consisting of 38 articles. This law mandates that ministers establish regulations governing the use of AI in their respective sectors and strictly prohibits the manipulation of content without explicit consent. The law is currently being reviewed by the Council of Representatives.
In October 2024, the Shura Council, in collaboration with the Nasser Artificial Intelligence Research & Development Centre (NAIRDC), held a discussion session entitled Future trends and adopting AI opportunities and expanding parliament’s role in addressing them. The session focused on the future applications of AI and strategies for developing laws to ensure ethical use and transparency.
Belgium
In October 2024, a resolution was proposed urging the government to establish policies on workplace AI usage. The resolution, which addresses working conditions, labour law, privacy protection, the adoption of new technologies and data processing, seeks to protect workers’ rights amid AI-driven workplace changes and to promote a balanced, efficient digital transition.
In December 2024, a bill was introduced to amend the Code of Criminal Procedure by adding a new article aligned with the EU AI Act. The proposed legislation focuses on the use of AI in the criminal justice system, addressing in particular human rights, public security, criminal procedure and biometrics. Its aim is to ensure compliance with EU regulations while modernizing domestic criminal proceedings.
Brazil
More than 40 AI-related bills are currently under discussion in both chambers of the National Congress. One of these, Bill no. 2338/2023, approved by the Senate in December 2024, is a comprehensive legislative framework inspired by the EU AI Act that adopts a risk-based approach to AI regulation. The bill seeks to impose strict regulations on high-risk AI systems that could impact public safety or fundamental human rights. It also calls for the establishment of a new regulatory authority to oversee AI governance and enforce compliance. The bill is now awaiting a vote in the Chamber of Deputies.
In 2024, the legislative consultancy of the Chamber of Deputies published a report on the country’s AI regulatory model, analysing key regulatory challenges and policy directions while drawing insights from international case studies. Meanwhile, the Senate’s Temporary Internal Committee on Artificial Intelligence, which operated until December 2024, was responsible for reviewing AI-related legislative proposals and developing alternative regulatory frameworks.
Canada
The House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry and Technology has been discussing Bill C-27, which includes the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) introduced by the government in June 2022. The AIDA proposes a risk-based framework that requires high-impact AI systems to comply with safety and human-rights standards. It also includes criminal provisions aimed at preventing reckless AI use and ensuring accountability for AI systems in the context of international and interprovincial trade. Two public hearings have been held, and several additional discussions on the bill have also taken place.
Chile
The Chamber of Deputies is currently deliberating the AI Regulation Bill, which was proposed by the government in May 2024. This bill seeks to regulate the development and use of AI systems while promoting technological innovation and ensuring the protection of citizens’ rights and safety. The Future, Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation Committee is reviewing additional amendments submitted by the government to further refine the bill. In January 2025, a comparative analysis of AI regulation bills was conducted to assess and enhance the legislative framework. The Committee is also conducting an ongoing review of AI legislation in collaboration with the Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation, the National Center for Artificial Intelligence, and university experts.
Each year, the Senate hosts Congreso Futuro, an event that provides a platform for discussing science, technology and future challenges. The 2025 edition featured various sessions on the future impact of AI. The Senate is also discussing a bill to penalize the misuse of generative AI, including deepfakes and fake documents.
China
The Two Sessions, the largest annual political event in China, began on 4 March 2025. This joint meeting brings together the National People’s Congress, the country’s legislative body, and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, which serves as an advisory body for policy consultation and legislative recommendations.
Amid growing interest in Chinese tech startup DeepSeek, AI emerged as a major topic of discussion during the meeting. The 2025 Report on the Work of the Government, presented by the Premier of the State Council, once again highlighted AI as a key sector for national innovation and industrial advancement. The report outlines plans for expanding government support and investment in AI research and development. It also emphasizes the importance of encouraging collaboration between major research institutions, universities and enterprises to support a broad spectrum of AI-related technologies, ranging from core AI advancements to next-generation innovations integrating quantum computing.
Along with high expectations for AI development, concerns were raised over the misuse of technology, including deepfakes, with an emphasis on the need for stronger regulations. Some attendees proposed measures to curb the misuse of face-swapping and voice-cloning technologies, calling for industry-wide AI regulations and the establishment of a dedicated AI law to ensure responsible AI applications.
Notably, China has been systematically regulating AI technology from an early stage. The Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, implemented in August 2023, currently serve as the country’s comprehensive regulatory framework. However, this framework remains an administrative guideline jointly issued by government agencies rather than a formal legislative act.
Colombia
The House of Representatives is currently discussing several AI-related bills. Bill no. 005/2024C focuses on establishing a framework to regulate the development and use of AI in an ethical, safe, sustainable and inclusive manner. Bill no. 113/2024C establishes tax incentives for companies that provide AI training to their employees and amends the national Tax Statute. Meanwhile, Bill no. 154/2024C aims to define and regulate AI, align it with human-rights standards, and set limits on its development, use and implementation. These bills are currently at the committee review stage. Notably, the First Permanent Constitutional Commission held a public hearing on AI legislation in September 2024, and formal deliberations are set to commence soon.
Denmark
(see the Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act)
In May 2024, a parliamentary debate on the use of generative AI was held with the goal of reaching a voluntary agreement on the subject. Political parties came to a preliminary agreement in June 2024. The agreement includes commitments to refrain from using deepfake technology to replicate or imitate politicians or political parties without their consent, and to ensure that manipulated content is easily identifiable to the public.
In February 2025, the government submitted a legislative proposal to parliament aimed at establishing harmonized rules for the implementation of the EU AI Act and amending existing domestic regulations and guidelines. The proposal is currently being reviewed by the Committee for Digitization and IT.
Several parliamentary resolutions have been put forward, including proposals to establish a Danish large language model, to ensure openness in the use of algorithms in public services and to establish an independent oversight board for AI. While these resolutions were not adopted, the idea of developing a large language model influenced the formation of a consortium of Danish businesses and organizations.
The Danish Parliament has not adopted or produced any official reports on AI. However, parliament holds an annual debate on the digital development of Danish society, based on a report by the government. In February 2025, the Minister for Digital Affairs submitted the 2025 statement on Denmark’s digital development to parliament. The report, which emphasizes that Denmark is one of the fastest adopters of AI in Europe, is scheduled to be formally discussed as an agenda item in a plenary session.
Germany
(see the Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act)
Several laws related to specific AI issues are currently under discussion. One example is a proposed amendment to criminal law aimed at protecting the personal rights of victims of AI-generated deepfakes. The SGB III Modernization Act, which focuses on enhancing administrative services at the Federal Employment Agency through AI-enabled digitization and automation, has been referred to the Committee on Labour and Social Affairs for further deliberation.
In September 2024, the Office of Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag submitted a report to the German Bundestag on the use of AI and distributed ledger technology (DLT) in public administration. The report outlined the status of AI and DLT in the public sector, along with potential applications, challenges and international examples. AI issues have also frequently appeared in minor inquiries submitted to the government. For example, inquiries have been made on measures to strengthen AI competencies in schools, and on strategies to address the risks of economic dependence in the fields of AI and cloud computing.
India
In July 2024, the National Artificial Intelligence Technology Regulatory Authority Bill was introduced in the Council of States. The bill aims to establish a National Artificial Intelligence Technology Regulatory Authority to regulate and monitor the use of AI and related technologies. In February 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (Protection of Rights of Employees) Bill was introduced to safeguard employees’ rights in the context of AI adoption and implementation in the workplace. The bill seeks to regulate the use of AI technologies in professional environments while ensuring transparency throughout the integration process. In the same month, the Deepfake Prevention and Criminalisation Bill was introduced. It aims to prevent and criminalize the creation, dissemination and use of deepfake content without consent or without a digital watermark.
In January 2025, the Communications and Information Technology Committee of the House of the People conducted a thematic review on the impact of the emergence of AI and related issues. This review covered topics such as the regulation of fake content and measures to ensure the reliability of AI models. In its December 2024 report reviewing demands for grants, the Committee recommended that the government collaborate with state governments, universities and research institutes to identify best practices for AI development and establish strategies for advancing AI. The report also called for increased investment in AI research and development, the implementation of programmes to attract top talent, and the submission of plans for establishing research and innovation institutions.
Israel
In July 2023, the Science and Technology Committee of the Parliament of Israel established the Subcommittee on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technologies to address critical issues in this field. The subcommittee has since explored various topics, including the impact of AI on the labour market and the need for strategic investments to enhance global competitiveness. In January 2025, it further discussed the urgency of developing a national AI strategy and responding to the export restrictions on advanced computer chips imposed by the United States of America. The discussions emphasized the fact that AI was not merely a technological revolution but a vital component of national economic growth and security.
In February 2025, the subcommittee held discussions on the impact of AI on the labour market. Various think tanks, government departments and central bank representatives presented forecasts on labour-market changes driven by AI. It was emphasized that, while AI was enhancing and complementing various professions, it would inevitably replace certain workers and personnel.
In addition, in April 2024, the Parliament’s Research and Information Center submitted a report to the subcommittee on national strategies for AI. The report examined AI strategies and programmes implemented by Israel and other leading countries, offering key insights and recommendations for shaping the country’s AI policies.
Japan
In Japan, the government has so far encouraged AI companies to follow non-binding guidelines to avoid hindering technological innovation and foreign capital investment. However, as the risks of AI misuse have grown and regulatory discussions have intensified worldwide, the government has proposed a bill to establish a legal framework that balances innovation and safety. This bill was submitted to the House of Representatives in February 2025 and is currently being discussed by the Committee on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
The bill designates AI as a critical national security technology and mandates investigations and corrective measures for companies that infringe on public rights and interests, such as by spreading false information. It also calls for the establishment of an AI Strategy Headquarters, the enhancement of research and development capabilities, and active participation in international AI standardization efforts.
Reports on AI utilization and challenges in various policy sectors have been continuously produced. In its September 2024 report on emerging technologies, the research office of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence highlighted the need for international regulatory discussions on AI weapons. The research office of the Committee on Education, Culture and Science also submitted a report on copyright issues arising from generative AI, while the Special Investigation Office provided a report on the impact of AI on citizens’ lives.
Kazakhstan
The House of Representatives is currently reviewing multiple AI-related legislative proposals. One of these is the Draft Law on Artificial Intelligence, which aims to regulate public relations in the AI sector by establishing a legal and organizational framework for the development and use of AI technologies across government agencies, individuals and legal entities. The legislation incorporates ethical principles for AI usage, regulatory provisions for platform operations, and provisions on the decision-making authority of competent regulatory bodies. A separate bill proposing AI-related amendments and additions to existing laws is also under consideration. For instance, amendments to the Law on Protection of Consumers’ Rights would introduce mandatory requirements for sellers to inform consumers when a product or service includes AI technology.
Kenya
At present, there are no laws directly regulating AI, nor are there any active legislative discussions on the matter. In November 2023, a bill was introduced that proposed the establishment of the Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society to oversee robotics and AI. However, the bill faced significant opposition from stakeholders and is no longer under consideration.
In April 2023, a motion was introduced in the National Assembly to formulate a regulatory framework for AI. The motion urges the government to establish a governance framework and ethical guidelines to prevent the potential misuse of AI and to develop a public awareness programme to enhance understanding of the technology.
Lithuania
(see the Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act)
The Parliament of Lithuania discussed draft laws related to the development of AI during its autumn 2024 session. In November 2024, the Ministry of Economy and Innovation submitted amendments to parliament aimed at accelerating the development of AI in Lithuania and the implementation of the EU AI Act. These amendments aim to create a more favourable legal environment for the development and deployment of AI technologies across various fields. Before this, in May 2024, parliament adopted a resolution on the use of AI technologies in the public sector. The resolution emphasizes the importance of using AI responsibly and highlights the need to protect human rights, freedoms, and the country’s economic and national-security interests.
In January 2025, parliament approved a proposal by the Ministry of Economy and Innovation to accelerate the development of AI in Lithuania, which became one of the first countries in the EU to launch a pilot regulatory environment for AI, the so-called “AI sandbox”. The provisions adopted by parliament are enshrined in the Law on Technology and Innovation and the Law on Information Society Services.
Mexico
Ordinary Commission for Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation on the Application and Development of Artificial Intelligence in Mexico, which began its activities in October 2024, was established to assess the state of AI utilization and development in the country and to propose institutional and policy improvements. In December 2024, the Commission held a dialogue on the impact of AI on ethics, human rights and public policy. In February 2025, it organized four online workshops on AI regulation. In March 2025, the Commission hosted a discussion on the impact of AI on education and employment.The
In December 2024, a draft bill for the establishment of a national law regulating AI usage was introduced in parliament. This bill incorporates global regulatory standards and outlines measures for advancing AI utilization and regulation across various sectors, including online advertising, web searches, automatic translations and cybersecurity, as well as for combating misinformation. In February 2025, a resolution was submitted urging the legislative bodies of the 32 federal states of Mexico to amend their local laws to properly classify AI-facilitated sexual offences. These proposals are currently under review by the relevant committees.
Morocco
The House of Representatives is reviewing a draft law to regulate AI, which aims to establish a legal framework for ethical and safe AI use. It includes strict rules for high-risk applications, akin to those laid down in the EU AI Act. Meanwhile, the Finance, Planning and Economic Development Committee of the House of Councillors is discussing a bill to create a National Agency for AI, focused on developing expertise, formulating a national strategy, and addressing issues such as misinformation and security threats. Within the House of Councillors, a working group of MPs dedicated to AI is actively engaged in work on this subject. Multiple workshops and meetings have been held in 2025 on topics such as the AI regulatory framework, the social impact of AI, and international cooperation and the sharing of best practice.
New Zealand
There are currently no specific and comprehensive AI-related bills under discussion in parliament. However, AI-related issues are being raised more frequently in questions to the government and in parliamentary debates. For instance, in the second half of 2024, MPs raised questions on how users could exercise their choices in the use of AI, whether AI would be used in decisions on benefit entitlements and sanctions, and how client or citizen data was stored in AI use cases.
Additionally, the New Zealand - North America Friendship Group held a discussion with a United States expert on AI in September 2024, at the suggestion of the United States Embassy. The discussion covered various topics including AI and democracy, youth engagement, and the misuse of AI.
Nigeria
In December 2024, the House of Representatives proceeded with the second reading of a consolidated bill that combines four legislative proposals aimed at laying the foundation for a legal framework on AI. The bill seeks to establish the National Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Studies Sciences Regulation Commission to ensure proper control over the use of AI technology and to regulate the development, deployment and use of AI in Nigeria. The bill is still pending review by the House committees and further scrutiny by the Senate. In February 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Management and Finance Institute (Establishment) Bill was introduced. This bill establishes the legal basis for an institution promoting AI in management and finance.
Peru
In July 2023, the Congress of the Republic enacted a law to promote AI-driven economic and social development. This law outlines the key principles regarding the use and development of AI and designates the departments within government agencies that are responsible for AI and emerging technology development.
Since then, several AI-related bills have been proposed and are currently under review. Notably, Bill no. 07033, modelled on the EU AI Act, emphasizes privacy and data protection, Bill no. 08223 establishes regulations for the ethical, safe and responsible use of AI, and Bill no. 08969 focuses on promoting AI adoption within the financial sector. Bill no. 10279, submitted in February 2025, proposes an amendment to the University Law to modernize the curriculum through the incorporation of AI and emerging technologies.
Philippines
Various bills aimed at regulating and promoting AI are currently pending in the House of Representatives. Bill no. 10944, submitted in September 2024, aims to establish a regulatory framework for secure AI systems, create the Philippine Artificial Intelligence Board and impose penalties for certain prohibited acts. Bill no. 11262, introduced in January 2025, proposes the creation of the Artificial Intelligence Development Authority (AIDA) in order to develop a national AI strategy and oversee regulations for its safe and ethical use. That same month, Bill no. 11308 was introduced, focusing on protecting workers impacted by technological advancements in AI and the digital economy, including the implementation of retraining and reskilling programmes to help them adapt to these changes.
In the Senate, Bill no. 2930, which proposes an AI training programme for the government workforce, was introduced in January 2025. Additionally, a resolution has been filed directing the Senate to investigate the preparedness of the government to address the impact of AI on the labour market and the future of work in the country.
Poland
(see the Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act)
In January 2024, the Sejm Committee for Digitalization, Innovation and Modern Technologies established the Standing Subcommittee on Artificial Intelligence and Algorithm Transparency. The subcommittee has engaged in discussions on the ethical aspects of creating, implementing and using AI systems and has examined EU AI Act in relation to the Polish justice system.
In February 2025, the subcommittee held an informational meeting with the Minister of Digital Affairs regarding the status of public consultations on the draft law on AI systems, which is currently in preparation. The proposed legislation seeks to introduce appropriate procedures that ensure AI system safety without hindering technological progress. Following the first round of public consultations, the draft law has been expanded to include provisions such as the introduction of a regulatory sandbox for AI innovation and testing, increased support for AI research and development, and enhanced independence and expertise for supervisory bodies overseeing AI implementation.
Republic of Korea
The National Assembly reviewed 19 bills related to the development of AI, with a focus on enhancing social responsibility and improving trustworthiness. In December 2024, these bills were consolidated and adopted as a single piece of legislation. The new law established the government’s AI development plan, created the National AI Committee, set up the AI Safety Research Institute, and formulated AI ethics principles that encompass safety, trustworthiness and accessibility. The law also includes regulations for high-impact AI and generative AI.
The National Assembly Research Service (NARS), parliament’s legislative research body, published a report in October 2024 proposing legislation on the labelling of AI-generated content in order to detect deepfakes. In December 2024, NARS released another report analysing the inherent risks of AI and suggesting legislative and policy measures. A further report, released in March 2025, outlined key safeguards that needed to be put in place ahead of the entry into force of the recently enacted AI law in January 2026. It emphasized the importance of enhancing policy coordination and enforcement in AI governance, refining the definition of, and requirements for, high-impact AI, and tailoring obligations based on different types of AI operators.
Additionally, the bipartisan AI Forum continues to conduct research on the development and impact of AI technologies.
Singapore
There has been no comprehensive legislative discussion in parliament on the use and regulation of AI to date. However, frequent questions regarding AI policies have been put to the government. For instance, in the second half of 2024, MPs raised questions for the government about the outcomes of AI expert development programmes, the need for AI in traffic accident prevention, and the protection of workers' rights in relation to AI.
In November 2024, the Estimates Committee submitted its report on the budget for the 2024–2025 financial year to parliament. This report included the findings of an inquiry into the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (NAIS 2.0). It provided recommendations on areas for improvement in the government’s AI workforce development support programmes, as well as suggestions for further enhancing the country’s AI research pipeline.
Spain
(see the Note on the European Union (EU) AI Act)
In February 2025, a non-legislative proposal on promoting the responsible use of AI in defence policies was submitted to the Congress of Deputies. The proposal is currently under discussion. A draft organic law regulating AI-generated simulations of images and voices is also being debated.
In September 2024, the Joint Committee on National Security decided to draft a report on threats in cyberspace in the era of AI and quantum computing. In October 2024, a working group was formed to prepare a comprehensive risk report, including a cybersecurity risk assessment and recommendations for improvement. The Senate’s Digital Transformation Committee is reviewing two motions on AI regulation. One of these motions calls for a ban on the misuse of AI in elections, while the second motion calls for measures for the sustainable management of electronic waste from AI and its environmental impact.
Documentary notes are reference materials published by the Library and Documentation Service of the Congress of Deputies to support research and legislative activities on specific topics. A documentary note on AI, published in 2024, analysed key legal, ethical, economic and policy issues related to AI in Spain and within the international community. The Science and Technology Office of the Congress of Deputies supports the legislature in securing scientific evidence on specific topics and making informed decisions based on this evidence. In 2024, it produced a report on AI and education, as well as reports on other emerging issues.
Thailand
Ad-hoc Committee on Considering and Studying the Control and Promotion of the Use of AI. The Committee has addressed a range of policy recommendations, including the development of a national AI strategy, the strengthening of public-private partnerships and the establishment of specialized regulatory agencies. In March 2025, the Committee organized a workshop on generative AI. The event provided an opportunity to share knowledge on generative AI technologies, as well as to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and the associated ethical risks. Participants also explored strategies for effectively integrating AI into daily life and organizational operations.In early 2024, the House of Representatives established the
The Senate Committee on Information, Communication and Telecommunications Technology is actively discussing policies to promote investment in data centres and the expansion of AI technologies. In March 2025, the Committee, in collaboration with various public- and private-sector organizations, hosted a seminar on the development of data centres as key infrastructure to support AI adoption. The event focused in particular on supporting the national strategic goal of cultivating a large-scale AI workforce by facilitating knowledge-sharing on data-centre development, identifying key challenges and discussing ways to reduce reliance on foreign technologies.
Türkiye
An AI bill inspired by the EU AI Act was submitted to the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye in June 2024. This bill aims to ensure the ethical use of AI, protect personal data, safeguard privacy rights and establish a regulatory framework. It is currently being reviewed by the Industry, Trade, Energy, Natural Resources, Information and Technology Committee.
The Parliamentary Research Commission on AI was established in January 2025. The Commission is expected to examine the impacts of AI on individuals and society, gather insights from experts in relevant institutions and discuss the development of a legal framework. The report currently being prepared by the Commission is anticipated to make a key contribution to shaping the country’s AI economy and guiding its policy direction.
United Kingdom
During the 2023–2024 session, a private members’ bill on AI was introduced in the House of Lords. The bill aims to establish a systematic regulatory framework to strengthen the safety, transparency and accountability of AI, while also protecting public safety and national security, and promoting innovation and economic growth. Additionally, it includes provisions for regulatory sandboxes and the establishment of an independent AI Authority. This bill was automatically discarded when parliament was dissolved ahead of the general election. It was reintroduced in March 2025 and is currently under review.
Since February 2025, the Treasury Committee of the House of Commons has been conducting an inquiry into how the UK financial services industry can leverage AI to its full potential while mitigating risks to financial stability and protecting consumers. As part of this inquiry, the Committee issued a call for evidence to examine the impact of AI on the financial sector, potential risks to financial stability, and the benefits and challenges for consumers. The call remained open until 11 April 2025.
In March 2025, the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons published a report on the use of AI in government. The report pointed out that the government’s plan to enhance efficiency by embedding AI in all areas of work could face setbacks owing to budget constraints and a shortage of skilled professionals. It also urged the government to present a clear procurement strategy that would ensure access for smaller suppliers and prevent vendor lock-in, as well as to develop a concrete funding plan within six months to replace critical legacy systems.
Several parliamentary bodies, including the House of Lords Library and the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST), have published reports on AI. In its October 2024 report, POST examined the opportunities, risks and uncertainties associated with AI. The report stressed that parliament must address key questions, including which regulatory framework to adopt, whether a government certification system was necessary, and how to balance regulation with freedom of expression. The Artificial Intelligence All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) is actively studying the responsible use and broader impact of AI technologies.
United States of America
Several AI-related bills have been introduced in Congress in recent years, including the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020, and numerous bills aimed at regulating and promoting AI are still under discussion. Between July and September 2024, the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology reviewed legislation relating to the regulation and promotion of AI, including the AI Incident Reporting and Security Enhancement Act, the AI Advancement and Reliability Act, the NSF AI Education Act and the Expanding AI Voices Act. In September 2024, the Committee passed nine AI-focused bills. These bills have not yet been called for discussion and a vote in the full House of Representatives.
In May 2024, the Bipartisan Senate AI Working Group released a report highlighting key areas for action and calling for a significant increase in government funding for AI research. In December 2024, the House’s Bipartisan Artificial Intelligence Task Force published its own report containing guidelines, forward-looking recommendations and policy proposals. Additionally, in its 2024 Annual Report to Congress, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission (USCC), urged Congress to fund a “Manhattan Project-like” programme for the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI).
In the absence of comprehensive federal legislation, the United States of America has pursued AI policy through executive orders. In October 2023, the Biden administration issued an executive order to establish safeguards for fairness and transparency in AI systems. In January 2025, the Trump administration rescinded the previous administration’s executive order on AI. The new administration is expected to announce a new policy framework soon, with a view to strengthening the country’s leadership in AI. Meanwhile, individual states have been developing their own AI regulations and guidelines. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), as of September 2024, at least 31 states had passed resolutions or enacted state laws related to AI.
