Thirty years into the HIV epidemic, children continue to be left behind when it comes to treatment of HIV. Despite the fact that children represent 1 out of every 7 new HIV infections, the rate of children diagnosed, enrolled, and retained in HIV treatment is lagging far behind that for adults. The IPU-EGPAF brief draws attention to the sometime gross treatment disparities between adults and children and recommends the parliamentary actions that have the potential to remedy the problem.